Leaf Nitrogen Spraying Improves Photosynthesis, Seed Quality and Yield of Soybean Plants Facing post-flowering Phosphorus Deficiency

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dc.citation.journaltitleJOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION
dc.creatorLAIRA, M. D.
dc.creatorMARTINS, T. S.
dc.creatorALMEIDA, R. L.
dc.creatorMORAES-NETO, V. F.
dc.creatorPALLONE, J. A. L.
dc.creatorZAMBROSI, F. C. B.
dc.creatorRIBEIRO, R. V.
dc.date.accessioned2026-05-05T17:56:52Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.resumoPurpose: Phosphorus (P) deficiency during the post-flowering phase limits soybean productivity in tropical soils by impairing biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), photosynthesis, and the allocation of photoassimilates to reproductive structures. This study aimed to determine whether leaf nitrogen (N) spraying could enhance physiological performance and seed yield of soybean plants experiencing P deficiency during the reproductive development. Method: Soybean plants were fertigated with a complete nutrient solution containing 500 µmol P L?¹ (without N) until flowering. During the reproductive phase, three P levels were imposed: sufficiency (500 µmol P L?¹), moderate deficiency (100 µmol P L?¹), and severe deficiency (20 µmol P L?¹). At the onset and peak of seed filling, leaves were sprayed with either water or ammonium nitrate (0.2 mol N L?¹). Results: Phosphorus deficiency reduced nodule formation, P and N uptake, and photosynthetic capacity, ultimately decreasing seed yield and quality. The reduction in BNF was attributed to reduced nodule amount rather than to low nodule activity. Leaf N spraying improved photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and biomass accumulation, promoting a stay-green phenotype during seed filling. Consequently, grain weight, seed yield, and seed protein content were increased in P-deficient plants sprayed with N. Conclusion; Leaf N spraying improved physiological responses and yield under P deficiency, however, such practice did not fully compensate for the nutritional stress caused by low P availability. Integrating P fertilization with N supplementation is essential to maintain nodule activity, enhance BNF, and optimize yield and seed quality in soybean plants facing P deficiency.
dc.format.extent1-18
dc.format.issue25
dc.identifier.citationLaira, M.D., Martins, T.S., Almeida, R.L. et al. Leaf Nitrogen Spraying Improves Photosynthesis, Seed Quality and Yield of Soybean Plants Facing post-flowering Phosphorus Deficiency. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-025-02707-2
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42729-025-02707-2
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.iac.sp.gov.br/handle/iac/63
dc.subjectAbiotic stress, Biological nitrogen fixation, Glycine Max L., Nutrient interaction, Seed weight, Phosphorus nutrition
dc.titleLeaf Nitrogen Spraying Improves Photosynthesis, Seed Quality and Yield of Soybean Plants Facing post-flowering Phosphorus Deficiency

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